This type of questionnaire involves the researcher visiting respondents in their houses or workplaces. The advantage of in-house survey is that more focus towards the questions can be gained from respondents. However, in-house surveys also have a range of disadvantages which include being time consuming, more expensive and respondents may not wish to have the researcher in their houses or workplaces for various reasons.
Mail Questionnaire. This sort of questionnaires involve the researcher to send the questionnaire list to respondents through post, often attaching pre-paid envelope. Mail questionnaires have an advantage of providing more accurate answer, because respondents can answer the questionnaire in their spare time.
The disadvantages associated with mail questionnaires include them being expensive, time consuming and sometimes they end up in the bin put by respondents. Open question questionnaires. Open questions differ from other types of questions used in questionnaires in a way that open questions may produce unexpected results, which can make the research more original and valuable.
However, it is difficult to analyze the results of the findings when the data is obtained through the questionnaire with open questions. Multiple choice question s. Respondents are offered a set of answers they have to choose from. The downsize of questionnaire with multiple choice questions is that, if there are too many answers to choose from, it makes the questionnaire, confusing and boring, and discourages the respondent to answer the questionnaire.
However, a problem with questionnaires is that respondents may lie due to social desirability. Most people want to present a positive image of themselves and so may lie or bend the truth to look good, e. Questionnaires can be an effective means of measuring the behavior, attitudes, preferences, opinions and, intentions of relatively large numbers of subjects more cheaply and quickly than other methods.
Often a questionnaire uses both open and closed questions to collect data. This is beneficial as it means both quantitative and qualitative data can be obtained.
Closed questions structure the answer by only allowing responses which fit into pre-decided categories. Data that can be placed into a category is called nominal data. The category can be restricted to as few as two options, i. Closed questions can also provide ordinal data which can be ranked.
This often involves using a continuous rating scale to measure the strength of attitudes or emotions. Closed questions have been used to research type A personality e. They can be economical. This means they can provide large amounts of research data for relatively low costs.
Therefore, a large sample size can be obtained which should be representative of the population, which a researcher can then generalize from. The questions are standardized.
All respondents are asked exactly the same questions in the same order. This means a questionnaire can be replicated easily to check for reliability. Therefore, a second researcher can use the questionnaire to check that the results are consistent. They lack detail. Because the responses are fixed, there is less scope for respondents to supply answers which reflect their true feelings on a topic.
Open questions allow people to express what they think in their own words. Open-ended questions enable the respondent to answer in as much detail as they like in their own words. If you want to gather more in-depth answers from your respondents, then open questions will work better.
These give no pre-set answer options and instead allow the respondents to put down exactly what they like in their own words. Open questions are often used for complex questions that cannot be answered in a few simple categories but require more detail and discussion. Lawrence Kohlberg presented his participants with moral dilemmas.
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