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Unavailable numbers include not only those actually in use by customers, but also the following categories:. These policies would potentially free more numbers for use in the pool, to be allocated through the prefix lottery, or to be used otherwise by companies. In the area code, there are 3. The percentages of assigned numbers to total numbers held by companies are shown in the table below.
Assigned Numbers to Numbers Held by Companies in millions. Assigned Numbers Nos. Held by Companies Percentage. Non-working wireless describes numbers assigned to wireless customer equipment, but which are not yet working. These numbers are considered a sub-category of assigned numbers. For example, wireless carriers sometimes pre-package a cellular telephone with an assigned telephone number for sale to customers.
Although the number is assigned, it will remain inactive until a customer purchases the telephone. Only one company reported 8, assigned numbers in the non-working wireless category for the area code. While the quantity of non-working wireless numbers reported generally is low, this sub-category of assigned numbers could increase because there are no restrictions on the number of days that a wireless company can hold these numbers, causing numbers to remain idle for an unspecified period.
The CPUC should consider several options to improve inventory management of non-working wireless numbers. One option is for the CPUC to require companies to return these numbers to the unassigned category after days similar to the requirement the FCC has established for reserved numbers. Recommendations for Treatment of Non-Working Wireless.
Under these INP arrangements, two telephone numbers are associated with each customer. LNP eliminates the need for two telephone numbers for each customer when the customers change companies, because customers can take their numbers with them. Since the area code is included in one of the top MSAs in the nation, all wireline carriers in should be LNP-capable.
They reported a total of INP numbers in the area code. Since all the reported INP numbers were from ILECs and none were from their competitors, it does not appear that INP exists in the area code to facilitate competition for customers. Historically, the telecommunications industry has designated certain prefixes for special uses, usually to an ILEC. These include numbers for recorded public information announcements such as time-of-day and weather forecasts, high-volume call-in numbers, and emergency preparedness 36 numbers.
These prefixes are not made available for general commercial use, and thus, numbers within these prefixes that are not in actual use lie vacant. In , companies decided not to duplicate the special-use prefixes in each area code. Concerned that this process could adversely affect the public, the CPUC directed that these prefixes should be duplicated in each new area code.
The utilization study shows that four prefixes are dedicated for special uses; one each for directory assistance, high-volume calling, time, and emergency preparedness. Excluding high-volume calling, companies reported 30, unavailable numbers in three special-use prefixes. TD questions the necessity of assigning an entire prefix for each purpose.
Furthermore, having multiple special-use prefixes is an inefficient use of numbers in the area code as well as in other area codes in California. For example, if the prefix, currently reserved only for directory assistance, 37 could be used to provide time and emergency preparedness service, then two more prefixes could be returned for reallocation in the area code.
Similarly, expanded use of the prefix throughout the state could result in more returned prefixes in other area codes. The CPUC should further analyze the option of obtaining standard numbers in every California area code to provide time, emergency preparedness, and weather information at no additional cost to customers.
Recommendations for Special-Use Prefixes. Where the numbers are presently assigned randomly, TD recommends that these numbers be moved and consolidated in one thousand-block in order to free more blocks for number pooling. Carriers "set aside" numbers for future use by customers. This utilization study incorporated the FCC's day requirement. The FCC later issued an extension until December 1, for companies to comply with the day rule.
This took effect on December 29, Wireline carriers reported a total of about , reserved numbers in the area code. If the quantity of reserved numbers held by wireline carriers can be minimized, additional numbers could be available for immediate use by the companies from within their own number inventories, thus slowing the rate at which new prefixes are allocated to these companies. Numbers could also be freed up for reallocation in the number pool, once established.
Similarly, companies are not required to use their reserved numbers stock before they can request that new numbers be allocated to them.
Comparing the data on the San Martin rate center and the Campbell rate center illustrates wide discrepancies between the quantity of reserved numbers companies hold. Wireline carriers reserved over 17 times as many numbers as a percentage of numbers held in the latter rate center. Other companies in that same rate center hold as few as zero reserved numbers. If the CPUC orders efficient use practices specific to reserved numbers, more numbers could be made available for customer use.
Wireless carriers reported nearly 10, reserved numbers in the area code. Wireless carriers also reported wide variances in reserved numbers. In the San Jose South rate center, two wireless carriers reported no reserved numbers. By contrast, one wireless carrier in that rate center reported nearly 2, reserved numbers in one prefix. Just as for wireline carriers, efficient number use practices specific to reserved numbers could immediately free up numbers within wireless carriers' inventories for use, and thus could slow the rate at which new prefixes are allocated to these companies.
Once wireless carriers are able to participate in number pooling, these practices could have the same efficiency gains as those for wireline carriers. In developing these practices, the CPUC should investigate various alternatives including, but not limited to, 1 limits on the quantity or percentage of reserved numbers companies can hold, and 2 requirements for using reserved numbers prior to requesting new numbers.
Administrative numbers are those not assigned to customers and are generally used for a wide range of applications for companies' internal use, including testing, internal business, and other network purposes. Companies reported 45, administrative numbers in the area code. Wireline carriers hold about 31, of these numbers and wireless carriers hold about 14, of them.
The utilization study revealed that there is a potential for companies to over-assign administrative numbers within a particular thousand-block, prefix, or rate center in the area code. The following examples demonstrate this potential for over-assignment.
In the Gilroy rate center, a company is using over numbers for administrative purposes in one prefix, while the average across all companies is 71 numbers per prefix. In addition, the Saratoga rate center uses almost seven times as many administrative numbers as a percentage of numbers assigned as San Jose South. Given the variances in the levels of administrative numbers between companies and rate centers, it is unclear what basis companies use for placing numbers in this category.
The CPUC should therefore pursue an investigation in this area. In addition, some companies randomly assign administrative numbers and are thereby wasting number resources. Companies could conserve numbers by changing the way in which these types of numbers are assigned. Some companies randomly assigned administrative numbers in multiple thousand-blocks within the same prefix when they have available number resources to centralize those assignments within one or a few blocks.
This practice means that both wireline and wireless carriers will already have contaminated multiple thousand-blocks, and prevents them from donating blocks once they can participate in number pooling, or from other LNP-based conservation measures.
Also, some companies holding multiple prefixes in a given rate center randomly assign administrative numbers throughout different prefixes when they have the available number resources to centralize the assignment of these numbers in one prefix in that rate center. TD questions the need for companies to hold multiple prefixes in a given rate center, when they are using multiple prefixes to serve their internal purposes and not necessarily to serve customer needs.
Recommendations for Administrative Numbers. The CPUC should consider placing a limit on the quantity or percentage of administrative numbers companies are allowed to hold. In cases in which companies hold multiple prefixes in a single rate center, the CPUC should develop rules that require companies to limit administrative number assignments within prefixes. This category tracks numbers that companies make available for use by another telecommunications carrier or non-carrier entity.
Companies reported a total of approximately , intermediate numbers in the area code. Wireline carriers hold about , of those numbers and wireless carriers hold about 74, The quantity of intermediate numbers varied significantly among rate centers in the area code.
TD notes that this number use category has the potential for abuse by companies if they use significant quantities of number resources for intermediate purposes. Wireline carriers allocate numbers for use by wireless Type 1 carriers through Type 1 interconnection agreements. Wireline carriers report Type 1 numbers in the Intermediate category since they provide these numbers to another company.
Wireline carriers also list the wireless companies to whom they distributed ranges of numbers. Wireless Type 1 carriers report on the numbers they received, placing them in the Assigned, Administrative, Reserved, Intermediate, Aging, or Available categories. Record-keeping of Type 1 numbers is inadequate because, more often than not, wireline carriers' reports disagreed with wireless Type 1 carriers' reports.
In other cases, wireless Type 1 carriers go out of business and do not return their numbers to the wireline carrier. In either case, numbers are lying dormant, used neither by the wireline nor wireless Type 1 carrier. In today's scarce numbering environment, it is unacceptable to let numbers go unused because of inadequate record-keeping. Wireline donor carriers currently do not monitor wireless Type 1 inventories, nor do they proactively reclaim unused Type 1 numbers from wireless carriers.
TD recommends that wireline carriers perform an annual inventory check on Type 1 numbers to confirm that the numbers they have distributed are acknowledged by the recipient wireless Type 1 carrier. If errors are discovered, the wireline carriers should count the numbers as part of their own inventories.
Improved Type 1 number management is particularly crucial because, unlike numbers held by most wireless carriers, Type 1 numbers are eligible for number pooling. Despite the problems with reporting, TD has identified 11 blocks of Type 1 numbers in the area code that may be eligible for donation to the pool.
As described in Chapter 1, state and federal mandates require most companies to demonstrate efficient numbering practices before becoming eligible to obtain more numbers. In contrast, Type 1 wireless carriers have no check on their number use because they draw numbers directly from wireline companies, therefore avoiding the scrutiny of the official number administrator.
TD recommends that Type 1 wireless carriers be subject to number conservation measures, and that the CPUC develop a system to ensure compliance.
Wireline carriers should perform an annual inventory check of wireless Type 1 numbers to verify their records match the wireless Type 1 carriers' records. Companies should make inventory data available to the CPUC upon request. Wireline companies should recover and add to their inventories any Type 1 numbers lying dormant. A system to ensure compliance with Type 1 number conservation measures should be developed.
Excess and unused Type 1 numbers should be returned to the wireline carrier and either used to serve customers or donated to the number pool. The FCC's first NRO Order defines aging numbers as disconnected numbers that are not available for assignment to another customer for a specified period of time.
In the area code, there are approximately , numbers in the aging category, representing 5. While most companies track aging telephone numbers by business and residential categories, Pacific Bell, the largest single holder of numbers in the area code, does not differentiate between business and residential customers when tracking aging numbers. In the cases where only totals were supplied, the consultant chose to place those in the business category.
Therefore, the vast majority of aging numbers is categorized in the business category and may give a false impression that most of the aging numbers are business numbers.
Because Pacific Bell does not differentiate between residential and business in reporting aging numbers, it is uncertain whether Pacific is adhering to the maximum day aging period for residential numbers, and whether, at the end of the day period, Pacific is reassigning these numbers to the "available" category.
A higher percentage of aging numbers occurs in the wireless category, compared to the wireline category. Aging numbers represent 7. Aging numbers represent 4. You might be interested: What says the time in canada.
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