A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink in a process called crenation. A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell and potentially burst in a process called hemolysis.
A blood cell placed in hypotonic solution would gain water as water will enter cell from surrounding hypotonic medium by the process of osmosis causing the cell to swell up. Red blood cells do not have the cell wall and contractile vacuoles and hence, would not be able to maintain their shape leading to their rupture. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell, and the cell will shrink.
In an isotonic environment, there is no net water movement, so there is no change in the size of the cell. When a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment, water will enter the cell, and the cell will swell. Examples of when hypertonic solutions are used include to replace electrolytes as in hyponatremia , to treat hypotonic dehydration, and to treat certain types of shock.
Solutions with a lower concentration of solutes than isotonic solutions are hypotonic. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until both solutions are isotonic.
What is the lewis structure for hcn? How is vsepr used to classify molecules? What are the units used for the ideal gas law? How does Charle's law relate to breathing?
What is the ideal gas law constant? How do you calculate the ideal gas law constant? How do you find density in the ideal gas law? Does ideal gas law apply to liquids? If there are fewer solutes outside the cell than inside it, such as would happen if you placed red blood cells in fresh water, the solution water is hypotonic with respect to the interior of the red blood cells. The cells swell and may burst as water rushes into the cell to attempt to make the concentration of the interior and exterior solutions the same.
Incidentally, since hypotonic solutions can cause cells to burst, this is one reason why a person is more likely to drown in fresh water than in salt water. It's also a problem if you drink too much water. If there is a higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside it, such as would happen if you placed red blood cells in a concentrated salt solution, then the salt solution is hypertonic with respect to the inside of the cells.
The red blood cells undergo crenation , which means they shrink and shrivel as water leaves the cells until the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside the red blood cells. Manipulating the tonicity of a solution has practical applications.
For example, reverse osmosis may be used to purify solutions and desalinate seawater. Hypertonic solutions help to preserve food. For example, packing food in salt or pickling it in a hypertonic solution of sugar or salt creates a hypertonic environment that either kills microbes or at least limits their ability to reproduce. Hypertonic solutions also dehydrate food and other substances, as water leaves cells or passes through a membrane to try to establish equilibrium.
The terms "hypertonic" and "hypotonic" often confuse students because they neglect to account for the frame of reference. For example, if you place a cell in a salt solution , the salt solution is more hypertonic more concentrated than the cell plasma.
But, if you view the situation from the inside of the cell, you could consider the plasma to be hypotonic with respect to the saltwater. Also, sometimes there are multiple types of solutes to consider. Each side of the partition is isotonic with respect to the other if you consider there are 4 moles of ions on each side. A hypotonic solution causes a cell to swell, whereas a hypertonic solution causes a cell to shrink.
When used correctly, saline flushes are generally safe and well tolerated by patients, but complications can occur. Although rare, IV flush syringes can introduce air embolisms into a vein, which can lead to heart attacks, strokes and respiratory failure.
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