Severinus Boethius martyred. He wrote Treatise on the Trinity and Consolation of Philosophy. He translated the writings of Aristotle and is known as the first Scholastic theologian. Brigit of Kildare, founded the first community of nuns in Ireland [death]. Boethius [death, wrote The Consolation of Philosophy [26] ]. Felic IV 25 propositions of grace and free-will [pro-Augustine and anti semi-Pelgianism, approved at Orange].
Theodosius the Cenobiarch, abbot of a monestary near Jerusalem, hospital and hospice, fought Emperor Anastasius in support of Chalcedon [death]. Benedict of Nursia, Italian monastic leaderbegan to build the monastery that was to be the birthplace of Western monasticism.
Rule of St. Benedict [29]. Felix IV on his deathbed. Severus [death, parish priest at Interocrea]. Benedict founds the Benedictine Order of Monks. Sabas, Palestinian monastic founder [death]. Augustus reigned under the name of Octavian for 4 years, thus Jesus was actually born in 4 B. Agapitus I becomes the fifty-seventh bishop of Rome. Silverius becomes the fifty-eighth bishop of Rome.
The Ostrogoths wanted him elected as a buffer to the coming invasion of Emperor Justinian I. Silverius, having him exiled on an island and starved to death. Miracles reported for visitors to this island. Boniface II wanted him for his successor. He had aided Justinian in persecuting St.
Silverius, sympathetic to monophysites in private opinion. He wrote several Masses. Caesarius, archbishop of Arles: sermons [death]. Benedict of Nursia, Rule [death, he organized monks willing to be supportive of Pope Gregory and Roman authority within the Church. Leontius of Byzantium [death, wrote Against the Nestorians and Eutychians in three volumns].
Benedict [death, Rule of St. Benedict [33] ]. An independent Kingdom of Burgundy is no more. She cuts her hair and seeks refuge in a Buddhist nunnery, but the officials drag her out and assassinate her. Also, two thousands courtiers are killed. Northern China divides between western and eastern halves of the Wei dynasty. They look with contempt upon the what they see as the defeated God of the defeated Christians.
Profitable trade with the Roman Empire has ended, and trade with Persia had also declined, which brings decline to some of India's cities. In India a movement called Bhakti has begun and is growing. They practice humility and sing of their adoration and love for a generous, merciful, supreme God. Rome and much of Italy is in ruin. Religious violence. Very hot topics. Ten Commandments. Abortion access. Assisted suicide. Death penalty. Human rights. Gays in the military. Stem cells. Other topics.
Religious laws. Religious news. Many points of conflict developed between the Roman authorities and the growing Christian movement, including: As part of one's civic duty, each adult was expected to sponsor a sacrifice in the Roman temple once per year.
Many Christians refused to do this because it would force them to acknowledge the legitimacy of Pagan Gods. Adults were expected to acknowledge Caesar as the Son of God and Savior. Many Christians would not submit to this either.
Christians ignored some Roman laws. For example, the state refused to recognize marriages between a free person and a slave; Christians allowed such marriages.
A small minority of Christians were so keen on hastening the end of the world and the arrival of the Kingdom of God that they set fires to encourage the second coming of Jesus. Some Roman authorities labeled the entire Christian movement as a bunch of arsonists. Lies spread that Christians engaged in orgies during their communal means and made human sacrifices of infants. The king then made Armenia the first country to adopt Christianity as its state religion. Some sources say that this happened in CE.
Emperor Constantine CE issued the Edict of Milan which formally established freedom and toleration for all religions, including Christianity. Contrary to many people's beliefs, Christianity was not made the official religion of the Roman Empire at this time. That happened later in that century. This interval takes its name from the church Council of Nicea which was held in CE. It was called Constantinople.
It became the center of the largely Christian empire. The evidence seems to show that this is not true; " The Greek-Roman world was not They effect of these orders was to " suppress all rival religions, order the closing of the temples, and impose fines, confiscation, imprisonment or death upon any who cling to the older [Pagan] religions.
Priests and Priestesses were exiled or killed. Christianity and Judaism became the only permitted religions. In Spain, bishop Priscillian, who taught some Gnostic beliefs was the first person to be condemned as a heretic and executed by his fellow Christians on religious grounds.
The church used the power of the state to begin programs to oppress, exile or exterminate both Pagans and Gnostic Christians. By the end of the century, Pagan temples had been either destroyed or recycled for Christian use. Pagan worship became punishable by death.
But government toleration was not without its cost. The Emperor Constantine and later political rulers demanded a major say in the running of the church and in decisions on its beliefs. They also voted that Holy Spirit was the third Person of the Trinity. Almost all of the churches abandoned Arianism after this council. Again, there were two main competing belief systems: From the city of Alexandria, scholars developed the Alexandrian school of thought which: Promoted the allegorical interpretation of the Bible -- that it contained hidden meanings.
Emphasized the divinity of Christ. Boethius, in prison in Pavia and awaiting execution, writes the Consolation of Philosophy. Go to Boethius c.
By the end of his long reign Theodoric amply justifies his title 'the Great' and his place in legend as Dietrich von Bern. Justinian becomes emperor in Constantinople, beginning a reign which will restore the empire to much of its former glory. The monastery of St Catherine's in Sinai is founded by Justinian, and will accumulate one of the world's greatest collections of icons. Justinian closes down the schools of Athens, famous for their tradition of pagan philosophy.
St Finnian founds the first of Ireland's great Celtic monasteries, at Clonard. St Benedict founds a monastery at Monte Cassino and writes a Rule for the monks which becomes the basis of the Benedictine order. Theodora shows her mettle, as empress, in her response to the anarchy and terror unleashed in Constantinople by the Nika revolt.
The Byzantine general Belisarius recovers Carthage from the Vandals. The codification of Roman law, ordered by Justinian, is completed. Belisarius, conquering the Vandals in north Africa, pioneers the strategic concept of the castle. Go to Arno of Reichersberg c. Belisarius lands in Sicily at the start of a five-year campaign to recover Ravenna for the Byzantine emperor.
The great domed church of Santa Sophia, rebuilt on the orders of Justinian, is completed after only five years of construction. The vast dome of Santa Sophia in Constantinople is supported on a square of four arches, making the most sophisticated use so far of the pendentive.
A Buddhist image, sent as a gift from Korea, introduces the religion to Japan. Go to Buddhism in A Dictionary of Sociology 3 rev ed. Khosrau I builds himself a superb new palace, of which the great vaulted Taq-e Kisra remains today at Ctesiphon. Khosrau I commissions a spectacular Spring Carpet for the floor of his hall of audience in Ctesiphon. Christianity reaches the kingdom of Dongola, in present-day Sudan. Justinian and Theodora, each with a retinue of attendants, face each other in mosaic from the walls of San Vitale in Ravenna.
The Slavs arrive in the Balkans and settle in all parts of the region except Albania. Caves along the Silk Road are decorated with a profusion of carvings in the traditions of Mahayana Buddhism. Chess is first played at about this time, in India, before spreading west to Persia. Go to chess in A Dictionary of British History 1 rev ed.
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