The top image shows the four main sections of the cerebral cortex: the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the temporal lobe. Functions such as movement are controlled by the motor cortex, and the sensory cortex receives information on vision, hearing, speech, and other senses.
The bottom image shows the location of the brain's major internal structures. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres — the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. Bridging the two hemispheres is a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum.
The two hemispheres communicate with one another across the corpus callosum. Covering the outermost layer of the cerebrum is a sheet of tissue called the cerebral cortex. Because of its gray color, the cerebral cortex is often referred to as gray matter.
The wrinkled appearance of the human brain also can be attributed to characteristics of the cerebral cortex. More than two-thirds of this layer is folded into grooves. The function of the cerebral cortex can be understood by dividing it somewhat arbitrarily into zones, much like the geographical arrangement of continents.
The frontal lobe is responsible for initiating and coordinating motor movements; higher cognitive skills, such as problem solving, thinking, planning, and organizing; and for many aspects of personality and emotional makeup. The parietal lobe is involved with sensory processes, attention, and language. Damage to the right side of the parietal lobe can result in difficulty navigating spaces, even familiar ones.
The temporal lobe helps process auditory information and integrate information from the other senses. Abdelwahab Urcel Professional. What do different parts of the brain control? Housed within the protective covering of the skull, the brain is the most complex organ in the body. It controls thought, behavior, emotions, and memory, as well as basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate. The brain consists of the cortex , brainstem, and cerebellum.
Pei Pekarsky Professional. What part of the brain controls speech and motor skills? The frontal lobes are the largest of the four lobes responsible for many different functions. These include motor skills such as voluntary movement, speech , intellectual and behavioral functions. What does the frontal lobe of the brain control?
The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors. Saloua Jadan Explainer. What part of brain controls balance and movement? The cerebellum is at the back of the brain , below the cerebrum. It's a lot smaller than the cerebrum. But it's a very important part of the brain. It controls balance , movement , and coordination how your muscles work together.
Refugio Estragues Explainer. Human beings have autonomy to do one thing or another and to suppress what is not wanted. In both cases, it is an election that includes the option to do nothing. In reality, full maturity is not acquired until we are approaching the third decade of life, when the maturation process of the cerebral cortex ends. At that age we manage to postpone gratification, something that a child who wants everything in the here and now cannot do.
For this reason, the prefrontal cortex is what opens us to freedom and creativity. Perhaps few manage to realize that when making decisions the worst obstacle or enemy to overcome is the mind itself, since a good part of our behaviors are unconscious. In other words, they are internal processes that automate choices and make it possible to choose alternatives expeditiously and economically in terms of energy consumption.
Decisions are made from intuition, a concept that is nothing more than unconscious reasoning, much wiser than is often thought. In fact, most of the perception of the world is completely unconscious, since we only pay attention to things that are different or surprising: we ignore the rest and, in that, the prefrontal cortex has a lot to do. In this field, Dan Ariely, a psychologist specializing in behavioral economics, demonstrated through an experiment published in Psychological Science how knowledge can influence and alter the perception of the senses.
In his research, Ariely distributed samples of two types of beers for free: one Budweiser and one altered with a few drops of balsamic vinegar. In the blind test without anticipating anything it was shown that the majority of the participants preferred the modified drink. However, the situation was explained to another group before the tasting, and all preferred the beer without altering it. Even if they tried the adulterated one, they confirmed its bad taste. It happens that the expectations generated by knowledge should not affect the real experience of the senses, but, decidedly, they do with respect to perception and this conditions the choice.
The expectation developed from the knowledge changes the lived experience. This has also been proven in a blind test carried out by the Pepsi Cola company. In it, two glasses of cola were presented, one of them from Pepsi and the other from Coca Cola. The winner was the first, but when the participant was quickly informed the choice fell on the second. Obviously, brand awareness has a transcendent effect on the choice of a product. Everything is closely linked to authority, and the influence capacity of reference groups can be observed, where the need to belong makes what is decided an almost impossible norm if it is not carried out.
Now, how does the brain decide which responses to heed? How do you ignore one of the processes for the other? What determines whether fear or desire wins?
All these issues have not yet been definitively resolved given the great variety of factors that intercede and influence such complex processing. The brain amygdala is responsible for recognition and rapid response to threatening or dangerous stimuli.
Finally, the prefrontal cortex allows you to evaluate and control instinctual desires based on experience and specific context. In this way it can manage the activation of the amygdala, modulate the emotional response and, furthermore, evaluate the activation of the nucleus accumbens by weighting the weight of the gain.
Concomitantly, it inhibits impulsive behavior because it is in charge of reasoning, that is, of weighing the real danger of the situation, the short and long-term consequences, the potential benefits, etc.
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